Using Null/ja

From SQLZoo
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教員 teacher
番号 id 学科 dept 名前 name 電話 phone 携帯 mobile
101 1 Shrivell 2753 07986 555 1234
102 1 Throd 2754 07122 555 1920
103 1 Splint 2293
104 Spiregrain 3287
105 2 Cutflower 3212 07996 555 6574
106 Deadyawn 3345
...
学科 dept
番号 id 学科名 name
1 Computing
2 Design
3 Engineering
...

教員と学科

学校に学科がたくさんある。多くの教員が1つの学科だけに勤める。 学科に所属しない教員もいる。

NULL値の選択

Summary

NULL, INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN

学科がNULL値の教員をリストにする。

dept=NULL と記述して動くと考えたと思う。しかし動かない。dept IS NULLと書く必要がある。

これは駄目だったけど、もっといい説明がこちらにある。Wikipedia:NULL.

SELECT name
FROM teacher
WHERE dept IS NULL

注意: 内部結合 INNER JOIN では学科に所属しない教員と教員のいない学科を見落とす。

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
 FROM teacher INNER JOIN dept
           ON (teacher.dept=dept.id)
SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
 FROM teacher INNER JOIN dept
           ON (teacher.dept=dept.id)

別の JOIN を使って全教員をリストにする。

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
FROM teacher 
LEFT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept=dept.id)

別の JOIN を使って全学科をリストにする。

SELECT teacher.name, dept.name
FROM teacher 
RIGHT JOIN dept ON (teacher.dept=dept.id)

COALESCE関数を使う

COALESCE関数で携帯番号を出力する。番号が無い場合は'07986 444 2266'を代わりに使う。 教員teacherの名前nameと携帯番号mobileか代わりに'07986 444 2266'出力する。

SELECT name, COALESCE(mobile,'07986 444 2266')
FROM teacher

COALESCE関数とLEFT JOINで教員teacherの名前nameと学科名を出力する。 学科が無い時は'None'を代わりに使う。

SELECT teacher.name, COALESCE(dept.name,'None')
FROM teacher LEFT JOIN dept
ON teacher.dept=dept.id

COUNTで教員数と携帯の数を数える。

SELECT COUNT(teacher.name), COUNT(mobile)
FROM teacher

COUNTとGROUP BY dept.name で各学科ごとのスタッフ数を表示する。 RIGHT JOIN で工学科Engineeringをちゃんとリストに記載すること。

SELECT dept.name, COUNT(teacher.name)
FROM teacher RIGHT JOIN dept
ON teacher.dept=dept.id
GROUP BY dept.name

CASEを使う

CASEで各教員のnameの後ろに(訳者注 次のフィールドに)学科deptが1か2なら'Sci'それ以外なら'Art'を続ける。

SELECT name, CASE WHEN dept IN (1,2) 
THEN 'Sci'
ELSE 'Art' END
FROM teacher


CASEで各教員のnameの後ろに(訳者注 次のフィールドに)学科deptが1か2なら'Sci'、3なら'Art'、それ以外は'None'を続ける。

SELECT name, CASE WHEN dept IN (1,2) 
THEN 'Sci'
WHEN dept = 3 
THEN 'Art'
ELSE 'None' END
FROM teacher
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