SELECT within SELECT Tutorial/zh
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此教程教我們在SELECT查詢中使用別一個SELECT查詢,進行一些更複雜的查詢。
| name國家名 | continent洲份 | area面積 | population人口 | gdp國民生產總值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Asia | 652230 | 25500100 | 20343000000 |
| Albania | Europe | 28748 | 2831741 | 12960000000 |
| Algeria | Africa | 2381741 | 37100000 | 188681000000 |
| Andorra | Europe | 468 | 78115 | 3712000000 |
| Angola | Africa | 1246700 | 20609294 | 100990000000 |
| ... | ||||
練習
列出每個國家的名字 name,當中人口 population 是高於俄羅斯'Russia'的人口。
world(name, continent, area, population, gdp)
SELECT name FROM world
WHERE population >
(SELECT population FROM world
WHERE name='Romania')
SELECT name FROM world
WHERE population >
(SELECT population FROM world
WHERE name='Russia')
列出歐州每國家的人均GDP,當中人均GDP要高於英國'United Kingdom'的數值。
SELECT name FROM world
WHERE continent='Europe' AND gdp/population >
(SELECT gdp/population FROM world
WHERE name='United Kingdom')
在阿根廷Argentina 及 澳大利亞 Australia所在的洲份中,列出當中的國家名字 name 及洲分 continent 。按國字名字順序排序
SELECT name,continent
FROM world
WHERE continent IN (
SELECT continent
FROM world
WHERE name IN ('Australia','Argentina'))
ORDER BY name
哪一個國家的人口比加拿大Canada的多,但比波蘭Poland的少?列出國家名字name和人口population 。
SELECT name,population FROM world
WHERE population BETWEEN
(SELECT population+1 FROM world WHERE name='Canada')
AND
(SELECT population-1 FROM world WHERE name='Poland')
Germany德國(人口8000萬),在Europe歐洲國家的人口最多。Austria奧地利(人口850萬)擁有德國總人口的11%。
顯示歐洲的國家名稱name和每個國家的人口population。以德國的人口的百分比作人口顯示。
SELECT name,
CONCAT(ROUND(100*population/(SELECT population FROM world WHERE name='Germany')),'%')
FROM world
WHERE continent='Europe'
如要練習一些較少用的SQL功能,看下去。
我們可以用ALL 這個詞對一個列表進行>=或>或<或<=充當比較。例如,你可以用此查詢找到世界上最大的國家(以人口計算):
SELECT name
FROM world
WHERE population >= ALL(SELECT population
FROM world
WHERE population>0)
你需在子查詢的條件中使用 population>0,因為有些國家的記錄中,人口是沒有填入,只有 null值。
哪些國家的GDP比Europe歐洲的全部國家都要高呢? [只需列出 name 。] (有些國家的記錄中,GDP是NULL,沒有填入資料的。)
SELECT name FROM world
WHERE gdp > ALL
(SELECT gdp FROM world
WHERE continent = 'Europe'
AND gdp IS NOT NULL)
我們可以在子查詢,參閱外部查詢的數值。我們為表格再命名,便可以分別內外兩個不同的表格。
在每一個州中找出最大面積的國家,列出洲份 continent, 國家名字 name 及面積 area。 (有些國家的記錄中,AREA是NULL,沒有填入資料的。)
SELECT continent, name, population FROM world x
WHERE population >= ALL
(SELECT population FROM world y
WHERE y.continent=x.continent
AND population>0)
SELECT continent, name, area
FROM world x
WHERE area >= ALL
(SELECT area FROM world y
WHERE y.continent=x.continent
and area > 0 )
列出洲份名稱,和每個洲份中國家名字按子母順序是排首位的國家名。(即每洲只有列一國)
SELECT continent,name FROM world x
WHERE x.name <= ALL (
SELECT name FROM world y
WHERE x.continent=y.continent)
困難的題目(早前練習沒有包含的技巧)
找出洲份,當中全部國家都有少於或等於 25000000 人口. 在這些洲份中,列出國家名字name,continent 洲份和population人口。
SELECT name,continent,population FROM world x
WHERE 25000000 >= ALL (
SELECT population FROM world y
WHERE x.continent=y.continent
AND y.population>0)
有些國家的人口是同洲份的所有其他國的3倍或以上。列出 國家名字name 和 洲份 continent。
SELECT name, continent FROM world x WHERE
population > ALL
(SELECT population*3 FROM world y
WHERE y.continent = x.continent
AND y.name != x.name)
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